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spall
2-D comparison of a hydrocode simulation to an actual experimental result (0.5" aluminum ball at 6.5 km/s). The hydrocode simulation on the left allows for a visualisation of the internal stresses and shockwaves present in the plate.

Hypervelocity impacts occur with enough energy to actually generate shock waves within metals. This means that the stress waves generated during impact are traveling faster than the speed of sound in that metal. The generation of shock waves in a spacecraft hull can be very damaging, because spall can be formed. But, shock waves can also be used in designing shields that destroy an impacting projectile before it reaches the spacecraft.

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Site Updated: 22-Feb-06
Curator:  Jim Hyde
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